Oscillating engine.



K." MOSGIOKI. OSOILLATING ENGINE. APPLIOATION nun JULY 2, 1908.

1,000,432. I Patented Aug. 15, 1911.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

K. MOSUIOKLH OSGILLATING ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 2 1908.

1,000,432. PatentedAug. 15,1911.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2. 2 Fl K. MOSCIGKI.

OSQILLATING ENGINE. APPLICATION Hum JULY 2, 190a.

1,()00,4=:32.v Patented Aug; 15, 1911.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

@ZWQ 124 3 MLUHIIA PLANOGIIAPN 60-, WASHINGTON; D. C.

UNITE STATES KAJETAN MOSCICKI, OF WARSAW, RUSSIA.

OSCILLATING ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 15, 1911.

Application filed July 2, 1908. Serial No. 441,628.

T 0 all whom it may concern: 7

Be it known that I, KAJETAN MoscIoKI, a subject of the Emperor of Russia, and residing at l/Varsaw, Russia; have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Oscillating Engines, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to prime movers and motors having oscillating cylinders.

Prime movers and motors known heretofore having oscillating cylinders have not been used to any appreciable extent, except in marine engineering, for the reasons that the known method of supplying the propellent laterally gave rise to complexity of construction, difiiculties in making the valve-gear and the means for .supplying the propellent fluid-tight, and

lastly involved an unfavorable distribution of the moving masses which made the use of high speeds of the engine shaft impossible owing to the fact that the moving masses could only be imperfectly balanced.

Now an important object of the present invention is to entirely obviate the aforesaid drawbacks of known engines having oscillating cylinders. According to the invention the single acting piston is pivotally connected directly to the crank of the engine and is arranged to reciprocate in an oscillating cylinder open at both ends. That end of the latter which is farthest from the crank-shaft is provided with a flangelike extension having a jointing face of spherical or cylindrical shape working fluid tight against a correspondingly shaped jointing face on the frame of the motor. The arrangement is such that the cylinder is compelled to oscillate around an axis which is parallel to the crank-shaft, and which coincides with the common principal axis of the spherical or cylindrical jointing faces on the cylinder and frame. Now owing to this new construction of the engine it is at once possible to let the passages for the admission and exhaust of the medium which is to drive the prime mover or which is to be propelled by the motor, as for example, steam, air, water, or gaseous fuels, mixtures of gas and air, and the like, open in the spherical or cylindrical face on the frame, and to use the corresponding surface on the oscillating cylinder directly for controlling the admission and exhaust of the propellent and products of combustion. This arrangement according to the invention considerably simplifies the entire construction of the engine,

.since now only stationary parts for throttling or releasingthe supply of the propellent are required for controlling the speed of the motor.

Additional advantages of the invention are described hereinafter, and in order that the invention may be clearly understood, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which one embodiment is represented by way of example, and in which Figure l is a central vertical longitudinal section of the engine taken through the cylinder showing the piston at about one fourth ofits outstroke; Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line 50-90 in Fig. 1, showing the piston and crank on the left-hand dead center; Fig. 3 is a cross section on the line g y of Fig. 1, the crank being shown in front elevation; Fig. 4 is a part longitudinal sect-ion, similar to Fig. 2, illustrating a detail, and Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the distribution of the moving masses. Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 2, but showing a modification.

Referring to the drawing, the cast-iron frame A of the motor has near one end two bearings E for the crank-shaft I and at its opposite end a jointing face of spherical or cylindrical shape, in which ports G and F open for the admission and exhaust of steam, water, air, gas and the like. The piston B directly engages the crank of the shaft I and is reciprocated in the cylinder H that is open at both ends. The end of the piston B facing the crank-shaft is connected directly to the crank I by means of a connecting head fitted with brasses M that embrace the crank-pin of the shaft I, whereas the other end of the piston B has either a spherical (see Fig. 6) or a cylindrical surface (see Fig. 2) at its end which exactly fits the face on the frame A and, when the piston is at the end of its instroke, approaches close to the face of the frame A so that the steam space within the cylinder H is reduced to a minimum. The front end of the cylinder is slotted to permit the crank pin shaft I and its brasses M to pass through the cylinder. This arrangementalso prevents the cylinder from rotating when the spherical form of the parts are used as in Fig. 6. The other end of the cylinder H is formed with a flange-like extension having a peripheral jointing face of spherical or cylindrical shape adapted towork fluid-tight on the jointing face on the frame A. This arrangement of two cooperating jointing faces serves not only as a fluid-tight closure for is working acts on the one hand upon the jointing face on the frame A, and on the other hand on the piston 13 which transmits this pressure to the wrist pin of the crank I. The pressures on the walls of the cylinder itself balance one another, since they act always symmetrically in opposite directions. Consequently, in the direction of the axis of the cylinder there can only be pressures which are produced partly by reason of the friction between the piston B and the cylinder H, and partly by reason of the differcnce between the areas of the two sides of the end of the cylinder, owing to the pro- 7 Vision of the admission and exhaust ports C and F, for example. These possible axial forces are taken by the springs D, which must be made strong enough for this purpose.

Fig. 4 illustrates a method of providing the wall of cylinder H with means for heating the same, as in the constructional form of steam engine represented in the drawing, for example, or for cooling the same as in the case of a gas-engine, for example. As shown, there is formed in the wall of the cylinder a cavity L for heating or cooling, having apertures N opening in the jointing face of the cylinder. The heating or cooling medium is supplied to and discharged from the cavity L by means of passages P provided in the frame of the engine and opening in the jointing face of the frame. These passages P are arranged on both sides of the axis of the cylinder H parallel to the plane of its oscillation, and are of such dimensions that they will always be in communication with the corresponding apertures N of the cavity L in all positions of the oscillating cylinder H.

A motor or engine constructed according to this invention has also the great advan tage that it can be readily designed so that the pressures of' the moving masses are balanced very perfectly.

'Although this invention has been dcscribed as applied to prime movers or engines it is to be understood that the said invention is equally applicable to motors and power driven machines having oscillating cylinders, such as pumps for pumping fluids, liquids, air and gases.

What I claimas my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: i

1. A motor comprising a frame hav" inlet and exhaust ports therein and having a curved surface, a crank shaft mounted in said frame, an oscillating cylinder open at both ends and having one end curved and coacting with the curved surface of the frame and with said inlet and exhaust ports, and a piston in said cylinder connected with the crank shaft.

A motor comprising a frame having a curved surface having inlet and exhaust ports therein, a crank shaft mounted in said frame, an oscillating cylinder open at both ends and having one end curved, said curved end fitting against the curved surface of the frame, springs for pressing the curved end of the cylinder against said curved surface of the frame, and a piston in said cylinder connected with the crank shaft.

3. A motor comprising a frame having a part of its surface curved and provided with inlet and exhaust ports, a crank shaft within said frame, an oscillating cylinder having curved flanges at one end adapted to engage with the curved surface of the frame and with said inlet and exhaust ports, both ends of said cylinder being open and a piston in said cylinder connected with the crank shaft.

4. A motor comprising a frame having a part of its surface curved and provided with inlet and exhaust ports, an oscillating piston having one I end open and having curved flanges on one end adapted to engage with the curved surface of the frame, trunnions projecting outwardly from said cylinder, bearings on said trunnions, springs having one end bearing against said bearings and the other ends bearing against a part of the frame to press the curved surfaces together, and a piston in said cylinder connected with the crank shaft.

In testimony whereof, I affix my signa ture in the presence of two witnesses.

KAJETAN MOSOIOKI.

WVitnesses ECRARY MAoCLosKI, BRoIssKAw WOLSKI.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents .each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G. 

